What primarily causes brake fade?

Brake fade is primarily caused by excessive use of service brakes, which leads to overheating. When brakes are engaged repeatedly or for prolonged periods, the friction material on the brake pads generates heat. If the brakes are not allowed to cool adequately, this heat can rise to a point where the braking components no longer function effectively. This results in a significant reduction in the effectiveness of the brakes, as the increased temperature can cause the brake fluid to boil or the brake pad material to deteriorate, compromising the vehicle's stopping power.

In contrast, while low tire pressure, low brake fluid levels, and poor driving techniques can affect vehicle performance and safety, they do not directly result in brake fade. Low tire pressure primarily affects traction and handling, while low brake fluid levels can lead to brake failure but not specifically to fade as a result of heat build-up. Poor driving techniques can lead to inefficient braking but are not a direct cause of the overheating associated with brake fade. Understanding the mechanics of brake fade can help drivers take steps to avoid it, such as using engine braking or being aware of brake application during long descents.